Multi-Step Attack Vectors: When Vulnerabilities Form an Attack Chain
Praetorian’s approach to cybersecurity centers around a core belief that combining innovative technologies and the best people in the business leads to real results. In our experience, neither can fully solve cybersecurity challenges on its own. We therefore have designed our services organization and offerings to blend them seamlessly. We applied the same philosophy when […]
Signing and Encrypting with JSON Web Tokens
Cryptographic weaknesses often arise in applications when the core security concepts are misunderstood or misused by developers. For this reason, a thorough review of all cryptographic implementations can be a juicy target when designing an application or starting a security assessment. Often, cryptography is used in the context of communication (e.g. a key exchange or […]
Always Be Modeling: How to Threat Model Effectively
Introduction At Praetorian, we believe that good security advisors always dedicate the start of a security assessment toward understanding your product’s threat landscape. This is why we perform a baseline threat model before every engagement, including those that do not explicitly contain an in-depth threat model analysis. A baseline threat model ensures that we have […]
Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2022-0016)
Overview Application developers often expose functionality from a Windows login screen. The common functionality needed from a login screen includes password reset mechanisms and VPN onboarding processes. Pre-authentication functionality exposes high-value attack surfaces. An unauthenticated external attacker with network connectivity to the Remote Desktop Service (RDP) on the target host can access the components exposed […]
Log4J Detector Tool
Summary The Log4Shell vulnerability exposed a remote code execution condition in multiple versions of the popular Apache Log4J2 logging library. Disclosure of the vulnerability and patch release were followed shortly by broad exploitation. Attackers reportedly ranged from hobbyists to mature adversaries. Obfuscation of attack traffic and sophisticated weaponization of the exploit soon followed. Companies were […]
Log4j vulnerability: Lessons learned in a week
Introduction In this blog post, Praetorian reflects on customer challenges, successes, and lessons learned from our response to the Log4j industry-wide response. Background On the Friday evening of December 10th, Praetorian research and development teams sprang into action, confirming vulnerable systems or exposed vulnerable endpoints for a large number of organizations. It is our belief […]
Log4j 2.15.0 stills allows for exfiltration of sensitive data
The Apache Software Foundation announced a new vulnerability in Log4j – CVE-2021-45046 – on December 14th. The vulnerability as described states that Log4j 2.15.0 can allow a local Denial of Service attack, but that impacts are limited. However, in our research we have demonstrated that 2.15.0 can still allow for exfiltration of sensitive data in […]
Log4j Update: False Negatives and Additional Recommendations
We had a busy weekend here at Praetorian. Following the initial disclosure of the Log4j (Log4Shell)* vulnerability, we’ve added a capability to identify the issue to our attack surface enumeration tool. As we scanned production environments for the vulnerability over the weekend we’ve learned a lot more about how the issue can actually look in […]
Log4j: It’s worse than you think
On December 9th, 2021, a new 0-day vulnerability in the popular Java logging package log4j v2.x was announced. The vulnerability is particularly unpleasant as exploitation frequently requires only the ability to cause the system to log an attacker controlled string to a vulnerable logging instance. Thus, the routes of exploitation are broad and often require […]
Introducing Snowcat: World’s First Dedicated Security Scanner for Istio
Why Service Meshes Matter Over the last few years, the pace of moving workloads to the cloud has continued to accelerate. Mostly, this has been a boon for innovation, allowing complex monolithic on-prem instances to be broken into microservice architectures, which provide decoupling, agility, and stability. From a development perspective, life has in some ways […]